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SEO · E-commerce

The ecommerce SEO checklist, in the order that matters

Fix crawling and filters first, then categories, products, structured data and speed. Each item is a check you can tick off.

Control filters and pagination

Unique category and product copy

Merchant listing structured data

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The short answer

An ecommerce SEO checklist covers six areas, in this order: make sure Google can crawl and index the right pages, control faceted navigation and pagination so filters do not create endless duplicate URLs, build category pages that target how people search, make product pages unique and complete, add product structured data, and keep pages fast. Work through them in that order, because content and links help little if Google cannot reach or understand your pages.

Each item below is written as a check you can tick off. Most stores find their biggest wins in the first three sections.

1. Crawling and indexing

  • Google Search Console is verified for the domain, and the Pages report shows no surprises: important categories and products indexed, filtered and internal search URLs not.
  • An XML sitemap lists every product and category you want indexed, updates automatically and is submitted in Search Console.
  • Robots.txt does not block CSS, JavaScript or product images.
  • Every page has one canonical URL. Products reachable through several category paths point to a single canonical product URL.
  • HTTP redirects to HTTPS, and one host version (with or without www) redirects to the other.
  • Internal site search result pages are kept out of the index.
  • Discontinued products are handled on purpose: redirect to the closest replacement or category if there is one, otherwise return a 404 or 410. Temporarily out-of-stock products keep their page live.

2. Faceted navigation and pagination

Filters for size, color, brand and price can generate thousands of URL combinations. Google’s documentation on faceted navigation gives two options:

  • If you do not need filtered pages in search, block crawling of filter parameters in robots.txt while allowing product pages and unfiltered listings. Google says there is often no good reason to allow crawling of filtered items.
  • If some filtered pages deserve to rank, such as “men’s waterproof hiking boots,” use standard & separators in parameters, keep filter order consistent, prevent duplicate filters and return a 404 for filter combinations with no results.
  • Treat canonical and nofollow as weaker signals. Google notes canonical tags may reduce crawling of filtered URLs over time, and nofollow only works if every link to that URL carries it.

For paginated categories, Google recommends a unique URL for each page, such as ?page=2, a canonical on each page pointing to itself rather than to page one, and normal links from each page to the next. Google no longer uses rel=“next” and rel=“prev”.

A practical rule: decide which filtered combinations have real search demand, turn those into proper category or landing pages with their own copy, and keep the rest out of the crawl.

3. Category pages

  • Each important category targets one clear search phrase, chosen from keyword research, and the H1, title tag and URL reflect it.
  • A short, useful introduction above or below the products: what is in the range, how to choose, key differences. Not keyword stuffing.
  • Title tags written for clicks, for example “Women’s trail running shoes | Brand,” not just the category name.
  • Subcategories and related categories linked, so Google and shoppers can move through the catalog.
  • Enough products to be useful. Thin categories with one or two items are often better merged.
  • Buying guides and FAQs linked from relevant categories, to answer questions before purchase.

4. Product pages

  • A unique description for every indexable product. Manufacturer copy appears on dozens of other sites.
  • Product name, brand, model and key attributes in the title tag and H1, written the way people search.
  • Descriptive image file names and alt text, with several images per product.
  • Variants handled consistently: either one page with selectable options, or separate pages only when variants have genuine separate demand.
  • Price, availability, shipping and returns information visible on the page.
  • Customer reviews displayed in HTML that Google can read.
  • Related products and “frequently bought together” links for internal linking.

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5. Structured data and product feeds

Google supports two kinds of product markup. Product snippets are for pages where people cannot buy directly, such as review pages. Merchant listings are for pages where customers can buy from you, and they support more detail, including shipping costs and return policies. Meeting the merchant listing requirements also makes a page eligible for product snippets.

  • Product markup on every product page with name, image, price, currency and availability, matching what the page shows.
  • Shipping and return policy details added, either in markup or in Merchant Center.
  • Review markup only for genuine reviews on the page.
  • Breadcrumb markup on categories and products.
  • A Google Merchant Center account with a product feed, so products can appear in free listings and Shopping results.
  • Markup tested with Google’s Rich Results Test after any theme change.

6. Speed and page experience

  • Core Web Vitals checked in Search Console for mobile and desktop, especially category and product templates. Our guide to Core Web Vitals explains each metric.
  • Images compressed, sized correctly and lazy-loaded below the fold.
  • Apps, plugins and tracking scripts audited. Each one adds weight; remove what you do not use.
  • Fonts limited to a few weights, loaded efficiently.
  • Mobile layout tested on real phones: filters usable, buttons large enough, no layout shifts while the page loads.

7. Content and links beyond the catalog

  • Guides and comparisons that answer the questions buyers ask before they choose, linked to the relevant categories.
  • An internal linking plan so your most profitable categories receive links from the home page, menus and guides.
  • Content written to be quoted in AI-generated search answers: clear headings, direct answers and specifics. See our article on Google AI Overviews and SEO.
  • Earned links from suppliers, partners, reviews and local press, rather than bought links.

How to measure progress

Track a small set of numbers each month in Search Console and your analytics: impressions and clicks for category pages, the number of product pages indexed versus submitted, organic revenue by landing page, and Core Web Vitals status. Judge changes over several months rather than week to week, because search results move slowly and seasonality can hide real gains.

How often to run this checklist

Run the full list before a launch or redesign, then review sections 1, 2 and 6 every month and the rest every quarter. Re-run it after any platform change, theme change or app install that touches templates. If you are moving platforms, add redirect mapping, as covered in our guide to redesigning without losing SEO. Our SEO services are billed month to month, and you can cancel after any month.

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Questions we hear

What should an ecommerce SEO checklist include?

Crawling and indexing, faceted navigation and pagination, category pages, product pages, structured data and product feeds, page speed, and supporting content and links. Start with crawling, because the rest depends on Google reaching your pages.

Should filtered category pages be indexed?

Only the combinations with real search demand, ideally turned into proper landing pages. Google’s guidance says there is often no good reason to allow crawling of filtered items, and suggests blocking filter parameters in robots.txt.

Should paginated pages canonicalize to page one?

No. Google recommends each paginated page has its own URL and a canonical pointing to itself, with normal links to the next page. Google no longer uses rel next and prev.

What structured data does an online store need?

Product markup with merchant listing details such as price, availability, shipping and returns on product pages, plus breadcrumb markup. Add review markup only for genuine reviews shown on the page.

What should I do with discontinued products?

Redirect the URL to the closest replacement or category if one exists. If nothing is relevant, return a 404 or 410. Keep temporarily out-of-stock product pages live.

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